Isikhalazo malunga nobukho bezixhobo zenyukliya e-Italy

Ngu-Alessandro Capuzzo

Ngomhla wesi-2 ku-Oktobha, isikhalazo esatyikitywa ngabanye ngamalungu angama-22 emibutho yokulwa nomkhosi wathunyelwa kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi weNkundla yaseRoma: Abbasso la guerra (Phantsi kwemfazwe), Donne e uomini contro la guerra (Abafazi namadoda ngokuchaseneyo imfazwe), i-Associazione Papa Giovanni XXIII (uPope John XXIII Association), Centro di documentazione del Manifesto Pacifista Internazionale (Iziko loXwebhu leManifesto yePacifist yaMazwe ngaMazwe), Tavola della Pace Friuli Venezia Giulia (Friuli Venezia Giulia Giulia Digital Sottinari Aglite Table yoxolo), ( I-International Solidarity Welcome Network Network), i-Pax Christi, i-Pressenza, i-WILPF, i-Centro sociale 28 maggio (i-28 ngoMeyi iZiko loLuntu), i-Coordinamento No Triv (Akukho Mququzeleli we-Triv), kunye nabemi babucala.

Phakathi kwabakhalazi kwakukho oonjingalwazi baseyunivesithi, amagqwetha, oogqirha, ababhali besincoko, amatsha-ntliziyo, abafundisi-ntsapho, oomama basemakhaya, abadla umhlala-phantsi, ooTata baseComboni. Abanye babo baziwa kakuhle, njengoMoni Ovadia kunye noBawo u-Alex Zanotelli. Isithethi sabangama-22 ligqwetha u-Ugo Giannangeli.

Amagqwetha uJoachim Lau kunye noClaudio Giangiacomo, base-IALANA Italia, bafake isikhalazo egameni labamangali.

Isikhalazo sibonakaliswe ngabakhuthazi kwinkomfa yabezindaba eyayibanjwe, ngokuphawulekayo, phambi kwesiseko somkhosi waseGhedi, apho imithombo egunyazisiweyo ikholelwa ukuba kukho izixhobo zenyukliya.

Iifoto zenkomfa yabezindaba enikezela isikhalazo, phambi kwesiseko somoya senyukliya saseGhedi

Bacelwa ukuba baphande ubukho bezixhobo zenyukliya e-Italiya kunye noxanduva olunokwenzeka

Isikhalazo esafakwa ngo-Oktobha 2, 2023, phambi kweOfisi yoMtshutshisi weNkundla yaseRoma icela oomantyi abaphandayo ukuba baphande, okokuqala, ukuze baqinisekise ubukho bezixhobo zenyukliya kummandla waseItali, ngenxa yoko, uxanduva olunokwenzeka, oluvela imbono yolwaphulo-mthetho, ngenxa yokungeniswa kwayo kunye nokuba nayo.

Isikhalazo sithi ubukho bezixhobo zenyukliya kumhlaba wase-Italiya bungathathwa njengenyani nangona bungazange bamkelwe ngokusemthethweni ngoorhulumente abohlukeneyo abalandelayo. Imithombo mininzi kwaye isuka kumanqaku eendaba angazange anqatshelwe kwiijenali zenzululwazi ezinegunya kunye neziganeko zezopolitiko.

Ingxelo yahlula phakathi kwemithombo yesizwe neyehlabathi.

Phakathi kweyokuqala yimpendulo kaMphathiswa uMauro kumbuzo wepalamente kaFebruwari 17, 2014, impendulo ethi, ngokuzama ukusemthethweni ubukho bezixhobo, ibona ngokucacileyo ubukho babo. Imithombo ikwabandakanya noxwebhu oluvela kwiCASD (iZiko leZifundo zoKhuselo oluPhezulu) kunye neCEMISS (iZiko loMkhosi leZifundo zoBuchule).

Imithombo yamazwe ngamazwe nayo mininzi. Kufanelekile ukugqamisa uphando olwenziwa nguBellingcat (umbutho wabaphandi, izifundiswa kunye neentatheli zophando) ngoMeyi 28, 2021. Iziphumo zolu phando ziyamangalisa, ekubeni ngelixa oorhulumente baseYurophu beqhubeka befihla lonke ulwazi, umkhosi wase-US usebenzisa izicelo zokugcina isixa esikhulu sedatha efunekayo yokugcina izixhobo. Kwenzekile ukuba iirekhodi zezi zicelo zibe yindawo yoluntu ngenxa yokungakhathali komkhosi wase-US ekusebenziseni kwabo.

Ngokusekwe kwimithombo emininzi ekhankanyiweyo, ubukho bezixhobo zenyukliya eItali bunokuqwalaselwa ngokuqinisekileyo, ngakumbi malunga nama-90 kwiziseko zeGhedi neAviano.

Isikhalazo sikhumbula ukuba i-Italiya yavuma iSivumelwano sokuNgena-Proliferation (NPT)

Isikhalazo sikhumbula ukuba i-Italiya yavuma iSivumelwano sokuNgena-Proliferation (NPT) ngo-Epreli 24, 1975, esekwe kumgaqo wokuba amazwe anezixhobo zenyukliya (ebizwa ngokuba “ngamazwe enyukliya”) athathele ingqalelo ukungadluliseli izixhobo zenyukliya kwezo ungabi nazo (ezibizwa ngokuba "ngamazwe angeyiyo inyukliya"), ngelixa la mva, kubandakanywa i-Italiya, ithembisa ukungafumani kunye/okanye ukufumana ulawulo oluthe ngqo okanye olungathanga ngqo lwezixhobo zenyukliya (amanqaku I, II, III).

I-Itali, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayizange isayine okanye ivume iSivumelwano sokuVinjelwa kwezixhobo zeNyukliya evunyiweyo ngoJulayi 7, 2017 yi-UN General Assembly kwaye yaqala ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 22, 2021. Nangona ukungabikho kwesi siginitsha kuya kuqinisekisa ngokucacileyo nangokuzenzekelayo ukuba nezixhobo zenyukliya njengezingekho mthethweni, isikhalazo simi ngelithi ukungabikho semthethweni kuyinyani.

Emva koko, wenza uphononongo lohlalutyo lwemithetho eyahlukeneyo kwizixhobo (uMthetho 110/75; uMthetho 185/90; uMthetho 895/67; iTULPS Testo Unico delle leggi di pubblica sicurezza) kwaye uqukumbela ngokuchaza ukuba izixhobo zeathomu ziwela ngaphakathi kwenkcazo. "yezixhobo zemfazwe" (uMthetho 110/75) kunye "nezixhobo zezixhobo" (uMthetho 185/90, ubugcisa 1).

Ekugqibeleni, isikhalazo sijongana nombuzo wobukho okanye ukungabikho kwamaphepha-mvume okungenisa kunye / okanye izigunyaziso, ngenxa yokuba ubukho babo obuqinisekisiweyo kwintsimi ngokuqinisekileyo bubonisa ukudlula kwabo ngaphaya komda.

Ukuthula malunga nobukho bezixhobo zeathom nako kuchaphazela ngokungenakuthintelwa ubukho okanye ukungabikho kwezigunyaziso zokungenisa elizweni. Naluphi na ugunyaziso luya kungqubana nenqaku loku-1 loMthetho we-185/90, othi: “Ukuthunyelwa kumazwe angaphandle, ukungenisa elizweni, ukuthutha, ukudluliselwa kwangaphakathi koluntu kunye nongenelelo lwezixhobo zezixhobo, kunye nokudluliselwa kweelayisenisi ezifanelekileyo zemveliso kunye nokufuduswa kwemveliso. , kufuneka alungelelanise umgaqo-nkqubo wase-Italiya wangaphandle kunye nokhuseleko. "Imisebenzi enjalo ilawulwa nguRhulumente ngokuhambelana nemigaqo yoMgaqo-siseko weRiphabhlikhi, olahla imfazwe njengendlela yokusombulula iingxabano zamazwe ngamazwe."

Isikhalazo sikhomba kwiOfisi yoMtshutshisi waseRoma njengeqonga elinobuchule lokubandakanyeka okungenakuthintelwa koRhulumente wase-Italiya kulawulo lwezixhobo zenyukliya.

Isikhalazo, esixhaswa zizihlomelo ezili-12, sisayinwe ngabaphembeleli be-22, abaxhasi be-pacifists kunye nabachasene nomkhosi, abanye babo banezikhundla eziphezulu kwimibutho yesizwe.